Effect of Free Radicals & Antioxidants on Oxidative Stress: A Review

Associate Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Sinhgad Dental College and Hospital, Pune 411 041, Maharashtra, India. email: [email protected] Associate Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Govt Medical College, Miraj 416 410, Maharashtra, India. Professor of Head, Department of Biochemistry, Dr. Vasantrao Pawar Medical College, Nashik 422 003, Maharashtra, India. * Abstract Recently free radicals have attracted tremendous importance in the field of medicine including dentistry and molecular biology. Free radicals can be either harmful or helpful to the body. When there is an imbalance between formation and removal of free radicals then a condition called as oxidative stress is developed in body. To counteract these free radicals body has protective antioxidant mechanisms which have abilities to lower incidence of various human morbidities and mortalities. Many research groups in the past have tried to study and confirm oxidative stress. Many authors also have studied role of antioxidants in reducing oxidative stress. They have come across with controversial results and furthermore it is not yet fully confirmed whether oxidative stress increases the need for dietary antioxidants. Recently, an association between periodontitis and cardiovascular disease has received considerable attention. Various forms of antioxidants have been introduced as an approach to fight dental diseases and improve general gingival health. The implication of oxidative stress in the etiology of many chronic and degenerative diseases suggests that antioxidant therapy represents a promising avenue for treatment. This study was conducted with the objective of reviewing articles relating to this subject. A Pub Med search of all articles containing key words free radicals, oxidative stress, and antioxidants was done. A review of these articles was undertaken.